Machine Architecture

Chapter 1: General introduction

• Definitions.

• Architecture of a computer system. Basics (ALU, buses, registers, RAM memory (SRAM and DRAM), ROM, access time, cache memory….)

• Machine language (binary code).

• Data storage units.

• Evolution of computers (history)

Chapter 2: Numbering systems

•Definition.

•System of base b (base 2, 8, 10 and 16)

• Conversions

  - Conversion (decimal to base b).

  - Conversion (base b to decimal).

• Fractional numbers conversion.

  - Conversion base b to decimal.

  - Conversion decimal to base b.

• Conversion from base p to base q.

• Binary addition and subtraction.

Chapter 3: Data representation

• Introduction

• Binary code (Natural, Gray, BCD )

• Data types

  - Integer representation (Unsigned, Signed)

  - Real numbers (Fixed-Point Representation, Floating-Point Representation)

• Characters representation

Chapter 4: Boolean Algebra and Combinational circuits

• Definition

• Fundamental concepts: Boolean variable, Boolean function, Principle of duality

• Boolean postulates and theorems

• Truth table

• Logic gates

• Boolean operators and precedence

•Representation of Boolean Function

• Design steps of a combinational circuit

• Study of some common combinational circuits: The half-adder, full adder…..